By Seif Gracien Hasingizwimana/Kigali,Rwanda,
Ubushakashatsi bushya bwerekanye ko muri Afurika yo munsi y’ubutayu bwa Sahara hashobora kuba ingwe (leopards) ziri hagati ya 45,000 na 143,000 mu gasozi, nubwo iyi mibare itandukanye n’ubushakashatsi bwabanje bwatangaga imibare itandukanye.
Abashakashatsi mu bijyanye no kubungabunga ibinyabuzima bo muri Nottingham Trent University mu Bwongereza bavuga ko nubwo umubare w’ingwe ziriho ubu ushobora kuba muto kurusha uko byatekerezwaga, Afurika ishobora kugira ubushobozi bwo kwakira ingwe zi Igera ku 176,000 mu duce twazo tw’amateka, mu gihe hafashwe ingamba zikwiye zo kuzirinda.
Abashakashatsi bagaragaje ko iyi mibare atari ibarura nyaryo ry’umubare w’ingwe zose, kuko amakuru menshi yakusanyijwe mu duce turinzwe, aho ibinyabuzima bifite ubuzima bwiza kurusha ahantu hatuwe n’abantu cyangwa hakorerwa ubuhinzi.
Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko ingwe zigabanuka cyane mu duce turimo ibikorwa byinshi by’abantu, cyane cyane ahari amatungo menshi, imidugudu iri hafi ndetse n’ahantu ubuhinzi bwiganjemo. Zagaragaye cyane mu duce dufite inyamaswa zitungwa n’inyamanswa nyinshi, cyane cyane iziribwa n’ingwe nk’izitwa ungulates ndetse n’ingurube zo mu gasozi.
Ubu bushakashatsi kandi bwagaragaje impungenge zikomeye ku guhiga ingwe hagamijwe imitako (trophy hunting), aho ubushakashatsi bugaragaza ko ibipimo byemewe byo guhiga ingwe mu bihugu bisaga kimwe cya kabiri byasuzumwe birenze urwego rufatwa nk’ururambye.
Abashakashatsi bavuga ko umubare muto w’ingwe z’ingabo zikuze, uri hagati ya 2,800 na 8,700, ari wo uba hanze y’ahantu harinzwe mu bihugu byemera ubu buryo bwo guhiga.
Abashakashatsi bavuga ko ubu bushakashatsi butanga uburyo bwo kumenya ahakenewe gushyirwa imbaraga mu kubungabunga ingwe, harimo kurinda aho ziba, kongera umubare w’inyamaswa zizitunga, kugabanya amakimbirane hagati y’abantu n’ingwe, ndetse no gusubiza ingwe ahantu habaye ngombwa.
Antonio Uzal, umwarimu wungirije mu bijyanye n’ibinyabuzima bibungabungwa muri Nottingham Trent University, yavuze ko kubura imibare yizewe bituma bigora za guverinoma n’imiryango ishinzwe kubungabunga ibidukikije gutegura gahunda zifatika zo kurinda no kongera umubare w’ingwe.
Yavuze ko ubu bushakashatsi butanga amabwiriza afatika yo gufasha mu kubungabunga ingwe ndetse no gushyiraho intego zihariye bitewe n’ahantu hagaragara ko hakenewe ubufasha.
Julien Fattebert, umwe mu bakoze kuri ubu bushakashatsi akaba ari umushakashatsi muri Vilnius University muri Lithuania ndetse na Nelson Mandela University muri Afurika y’Epfo, yavuze ko hakenewe kuvugurura byihutirwa ibipimo byo guhiga ingwe hashingiwe ku makuru mashya, kugira ngo hirindwe kugabanuka kw’izi nyamaswa.
Abashakashatsi bavuga ko mu duce dutari ahantu harinzwe, aho bitaramenyekana neza umubare w’ingwe zihari, hakwiye gushyirwa imbere gukoresha uburyo bwo kuzikurikirana hakoreshejwe amamashusho afatwa n’imashini (camera trapping) no gusana ahantu zibamo.
Kalpapran Patowary, umwanditsi wa mbere w’ubu bushakashatsi akaba ari umunyeshuri wa PhD muri Clemson University muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, yavuze ko intego nyamukuru yari ukumenya uko ingwe zihagaze mu duce dutandukanye twa Afurika yo munsi y’ubutayu bwa Sahara.
Yavuze ko igihe n’umutungo bikwiye kwerekeza mu duce ingwe zishobora kuba zikibamo ariko zidahagarariwe neza mu bushakashatsi, cyane cyane mu bihugu byo mu Burengerazuba bwa Afurika.
